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제  목	[기후변화]카자흐스탄, 탄소배출권거래제도 시행 임박
등록일	2012-11-12	조회수	2,908
첨  부
카자흐스탄은 내년 1월 탄소배출권 거래제도를 출범하기 위해 막바지 준비를 하고 있습니다. 향후 유럽 또는 일본과 시장을 연계하기 위한 논의 또한 벌써부터 진행 중이라고 합니다. 카자흐스탄은 석유자원이 풍부한 국가로서, 세계은행에 의하면 GDP 대비 탄소배출량이 가장 많은 나라 중의 하나입니다. 탄소배출권거래제를 통해서 카자흐스탄 정부는 2020년까지 1990년도 대비 온실가스 배출량을 15%이상 감축할 것을 목표로 하고 있습니다. 규제대상에 포함되는 기업들은 국가 전체 배출량의 60%를 차지하게 됩니다. 첫해에는 “시범기간(Pilot phase)”으로서 기업들이 배출한도량를 초과하더라도 정부는 과징금을 부과하지 않으며, 배출허용한도량 또한 2010년 배출량과 동일한 수준으로 할당받게 됩니다. 아시아 국가들은 카자흐스탄뿐만 아니라 태국, 대만, 인도네시아, 말레이사아 등도 탄소배출권거래제도 도입을 검토 중에 있다고 발표하였습니다. 예측컨데, 2020년 이후에는 선진국, 개도국 구분 없이 전세계 곳곳에서 탄소배출권거래 시장이 생겨날 것으로 보입니다. 상세내용은 아래 기사를 참조하시기 바랍니다. Kazakhstan on track for Jan. CO2 market launch: official Kazakhstan will this month clear the final hurdle required to launch its domestic emissions trading scheme in January, an official with a state-owned scientific body said on Wednesday, adding the government hopes to link its market to that of the EU. The government is set to approve CO2 limits for the countrys 180 biggest emitting companies in the energy, mining, chemical, metal, transport and agriculture sectors, said Erik Tanayev, an official with the Kazakh Research Institute of Ecology and Climate. “The national allocation plan (outlining company caps) shall be finalised by mid-November,” the official said. A January launch would make the energy-rich country the first in Asia to put a nation-wide cap on its carbon dioxide (CO2) output. Tanayev said the scheme would start with a one-year “pilot phase” with no penalties for overshooting carbon caps, but subsequent trading periods would impose fines for non-compliance. The scheme will cover sectors of the economy that in 2010 pumped out 146 million tonnes of CO2, nearly 60 percent of the countrys carbon footprint. Existing companies will receive allowances for free, while new firms will need to buy allowances from government auctions. “The cap (next year) for each company (shall equal their) emissions in 2010 and the commitments shall toughen from 2013 to 2014. Auctions (for new entrants) are anticipated to start in 2013," he added, without giving detail of volumes. LINK? The official said the government will start talks with the EU and Japan on connecting its markets, although declined to give further detail. Last month, the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development said it is working with Kazakhstan as well as Ukraine on designing CO2 systems that can be linked with Europes $148-billion market later this decade. The scheme is a policy tool to help Kazakhstan keep overall greenhouse gas emissions 15 percent below 1990 levels by the end of the decade. The oil-rich country, which faces a growing population and booming economy, emitted 257 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2010, 32 percent lower than 1990 levels. Kazakhstans international target allows emissions to reach up to 306.1 million tonnes in 2020. Kazakhstan is greater in territory than the whole of Western Europe and has a population of just 16 million, although it is among the worlds biggest CO2 emitters per unit of GDP, according to World Bank and U.S. Department of Energy data. The announcement of the scheme comes against the backdrop of carbon markets being planned or developed in Australia, Japan, South Korea, California and Quebec, as well as seven Chinese cities and provinces. [출처: Thomson Reuters PointCarbon, 11/7]